Everything about Manco Inca totally explained
Manco Inca Yupanqui (
1516–
1544) (
Manqu Inka Yupanki in
Quechua) was one of the
Incas of Vilcabamba. He was also known as "Manco II" and "Manco Capac II" ("Manqu Qhapaq II"). Born in
1516, he was one of the sons of
Huayna Capac and came from a lower class of the nobility.
Tupac Huallpa, a puppet ruler crowned by
conquistador Francisco Pizarro, died in
1533. Manco Inca then approached Francisco Pizarro and
Diego de Almagro in
Cajamarca to negotiate a pact, to rule the
Inca peoples and
Peru since all of the royal nobles were dead. The conquistadors agreed, and in
1534 Manco was crowned the ruler of the Inca in
Cuzco by Francisco Pizarro, and allowed to rule his people. He didn't realize that he too was being used by Pizarro as a puppet ruler for the
Spanish conquistadors, who planned to conquer his country and its people.
At first, Manco cooperated with the Spanish, befriending them and offering them gold treasures and women as gifts. However, when Pizarro and de Almagro left Cuzco to explore the northern and southern parts of Peru, he left his younger brothers
Gonzalo Pizarro,
Juan Pizarro and
Hernando Pizarro as garrisons in the city of Cuzco. The Pizarro brothers so mistreated Manco Inca that he ultimately rebelled. Under the pretense of performing religious ceremonies in the nearby Yucay valley, Manco was able to escape from Cuzco. In an effort to regain his status, Manco gathered an army of 40,000
Inca warriors. Attempting to take advantage of a disagreement between Diego de Almagro and Francisco Pizarro, he marched on the city of Cuzco in
1536 in an attempt to throw the Spaniards out. Although it lasted ten months, the siege was ultimately unsuccessful even though Manco's forces were able to reclaim the city for a few days. Many of Manco Inca's warriors succumbed to
smallpox and died (see
second battle of Cuzco).
From
1536–
1537, Manco attempted to drive the Spanish invaders out of Peru for good with an army of 30,000 Inca warriors and attacked the fort of Lima, where Francisco Pizarro was residing. There they met 300 Spanish soldiers and over 20,000 renegade warriors from the Empire, and once again were defeated. The surviving armies later retreated to the nearby fortress of
Ollantaytambo, from which they'd launched several successful attacks against the Spaniards and the Inca renegades, defeating them in the battle of
Ollantaytambo. But Manco's position at Ollantaytambo was vulnerable due to lack of food because the Inca warriors were actually the same that used to cultivate the fields. The Spanish knew his location, and the region was one day's ride from Cuzco.
Abandoning Ollantaytambo (and effectively giving up the highlands of the empire), Manco Inca retreated to
Vitcos and finally to the remote jungles of
Vilcabamba, which became the capital of the empire until the death of
Tupaq Amaru in
1572. The Spanish crowned his younger half brother
Paullu Inca as puppet
Sapa Inca after his retreat. The Spanish succeeded in capturing Manco's sister-wife, Cura Ocllo, and had her brutally murdered in
1539. After many guerrilla battles in the mountainous regions of Vilcabamba, Manco was murdered in
1544 by supporters of Diego de Almagro who wanted Manco dead, despite his having granted refuge to them. He was succeeded by his son
Sayri Tupaq.
Manco Inca had several sons, including Sayri Tupaq,
Titu Cusi and
Tupaq Amaru.
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